Thursday, September 30, 2010

Factors That Hastened Somalia’s Perdition and Destruction

Coat of Arms of SomaliaImage via Wikipedia

"If ALLAH were to hasten to people the evil they defy Him to pronounce upon them, as they hasten in asking for good, their doom would have been determined already. But we leave those in rebellion, who do not look to the encounter with Us, in their insolence, wandering blindly on". Qur'an. (Yunus, 11)

Recall to mind how Somalia was at one time a haven of peace and the city of Mogadishu the cleanest in Africa; recollect the role Somalia played in international affairs in the past; and picture to yourself how Somalis of the eighties rejoiced as a nation. Remember the abundance of fruits and vegetables that was available in the markets and the millions of wildlife and livestock that roamed the countryside.

Reflect the beautiful beaches we had and the vast untouched forests scattered north and south of the country producing nutritious fruits, medicated roots and tubers and the glistening and encasing toxic-free environment solely created to benefit every Somali-sane and insane. That is why the Pharaohs referred Somalia to as the "Land of Aroma" or the “Land of Gods” not because of the abundance of Myrrh or Frankincense but because of the diverse creatures that emitted entertaining aroma acceptable to every living thing that inhabited it.

In Somalia, before the advent of modern war machines and before the eruption of the civil war in 1990, the scent of rain could be felt from a far because nature remained in complete obeisance to the environment regardless of regional geography or landscape. Unfortunately, with the erosion of law and order, cantankerous warlords and the Mafiosi discovered ways of dumping nuclear wastes along the coastlines and in to the interior of the country ultimately increasing child mortality rates, depriving the soil of its vital nutrients, and wrecking havoc to all kinds of life.

In the absence of putrid and nauseating smell of petrochemicals, hazardous wastes, and noxious emissions from cars and factories, in the olden days in Somalia, one could inhale nature's true scent as the fecundating winds majestically dispersed heavenly aroma known in Somali as saxansaxo-a nourishing element that resuscitates living organisms.

Now, from Islamic perspective, let's deeply explore together Somalia's past and figure out the exact causes of the twenty years of indiscriminate killings, displacements, failed reconciliation conferences, deliberately imposed imperialism and occupation, warlordism, plunder, and exodus of our people from their land.

It is common for humans to point fingers at others for their own quandaries and ridiculous disappointments. Was Somalia's failure as a state engineered by foreign powers and malodorously cantankerous Somali individuals whose aim was to impose hegemony and create discord for selfish gains? If that is what you believe, then, it is my strongest conviction that you are wrong beyond reasonable doubt.

When a nation disobeys Almighty Allah by employing decadence to speed up its immaterial selfish aims and objectives, then, the resultant expectations as admonished in the Glorious Qur'an and scriptures that preceded it, is divine destruction that does not differentiate the pious from the sinner.

Somalis have harmoniously copied the evil doings of the people of Ad, Thamud, Iram; Aikat etc. to an extent sermon from mosque pulpits fell on deaf ears as majority became engrossed in un-Islamic acts and Satanic exploits that incessantly seeped through all sectors of society.

How often have you reflected the negative practices of our nomads selling milk in the streets of our major towns and villages? One thing I've noted is that the steatopygous pastoral Somali girl or woman whose day started at dawn to venture out into the milk selling business strolled backbreaking kilometers loaded with heavy milk containers with one thing in mind: to lure and cheat town dwelling customers with contaminated milk diluted with water or powdered milk. The deceits they applied were so intricately rehearsed to the detriment of the unsuspecting customer and herself. With two milk containers by her sides, the unsuspecting customer was given pure milk from a container reserved for tasting only while the ultimate transaction implied a separate container with diluted milk. These garrulous milk sellers were known to swear until they exhausted their energies. Likewise, canteens known as bibitos and restaurants played a great role selling diluted milk.

The most destructive business ventures that brought Somalia to her heals could be found among shops and butcheries that manipulated the scale and the balance. Butchers sold meat with tremendous speed and drive simply because their lack of refrigerators meant disaster for their business undertakings as meat is known to perish within hours without preservation. They unprofessionally and deceitfully sold ligaments, tendons, glands, and bones instead of steak to their unsuspecting customers.

The speed at how shop owners dislodged the weight before it came to its right position and the removal of some vital parts from the balance meant customers were getting poor service. Another debilitating anecdote was how farmers sold their products. Sesame sellers splashed water on to sesame seeds so they could add more weight to their products and generate cash money during retail or wholesale transactions. Sesame seeds are visibly lighter and absorb water profusely. By soaking the sesame seeds in water, farmers felt assured that they would strike hefty profits. Grains sellers employed scoops with bulging bases for purchases, whereas, when selling, the scoops had upward-punched bottoms.

Remember, Allah destroyed the people of Madyan after they betrayed Prophet Shu’ayb. Despite being good at business, the people of Madyan were so selfish that they manipulated the weight or measure. In the olden days when Somalia had an effective central government, businesspeople preferred or entrusted their daughters to running their businesses, perhaps, because they were adept at attracting customers.

Prostitution is the second oldest tradition so goes the saying. The proliferation of prostitution conglomerates in the city of Mogadishu saw sprouting of brothels flourish in all suburbs with girls as young as fifteen becoming targets for officials and business magnates stashed with cash meant to lure them. Government officials emptied state coffers through malpractices; military officers hoarded provisions meant for their juniors, promotions were not based on merit but on favoritisms and tribal affiliations; foreigners played seek and hide games in attempts to fulfill their sexual desires; qaad sessions bloomed with middle-aged women known as xusul baruur acting as go-betweens or playing the pimping mistress roles; the consumption of marijuana and alcohol became unregulated and uninterrupted; for women to attract men they resorted to outfits known as iga-dhex-arag or see-me-through while others went about their businesses in western outfits including skirts, trousers, T-shirts and shorts; women wore make-ups, heads were uncovered; barbers welcomed all sexes into their evil haircut adventures; cinema-goers watched explicit movies while video dens played pornographic contents even for school children. Minority clans felt the excruciating pain of stratification and marginalization. A fraction of women dressed in gareys-a kind of gown exclusive to nomadic women-where one breast remained exposed for all to see.

Somalia of old experienced tremendous proliferation of boarding and lodgings that readily accepted unmarried partners consequently indulging in fetishism, fornication and adultery. Asxaabul-Zio, smooth-talking parasites constituting high school drop-outs, social rejects, contumaciously malevolent youth whose source of income was shaxaad-a meticulous method of begging without attracting resentment-kept night vigils along streets, around corridors, beneath verandahs, and in patios obstructing pedestrians while rehearsing the same old chorus: “abbaayo, muraayad aan kaa dhex arkay, no” to every passing by female they found appealing. Assumingly, these armies of youthful social rejects broke the virginity of many young girls and could also shoulder the blame of impregnating many others. On the other hand, they might have had a hand in the implosion of uncontrolled sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) like gonorrhea and HIV/AIDS.

A famous distillery in Jowhar produced a kind of rum that was awarded “international Africa Award”. Perhaps, many apathetic alcoholics may have met their sudden deaths or suffered cirrhosis of the liver after consuming Somalia’s “Kill Me Quick” concoctions. Bear in mind the assortments of western brands of beer sold at Lido Beach, Baar Gember, al-Uruba, Juba, and Taleex hotels and the host of barefaced alcoholics who scrambled for a bitter taste of “elephant urine” known among locals as “kaadi maroodi”-the likes of Budweiser, Carlsberg, Breda, and Heineken. Budweiser was known in Somalia as “Badda Weysa” which literally translates to oceanic ablution. Rewind yourself to the slapdash deals in Ceelgaab that included distribution of marijuana and alcoholic beverages. Sinai, an accursed market in Mogadishu served as a melting pot and an epicenter for seekers of gerasheys-informal qaad-chewing sessions involving runaway wives, Mademoiselles, calamites, and pederasts engaged in adult plays often kicking-off their satanic practices after midnight and running up to the wee hours of the morning without feeling any sense of trepidation or reprehension.

Poets used poetry to relay imprecations, deliver messages of discontent to the ruling elites, and as a crying call to rally the mass. With Somalis being a nation of poets and “a fierce and turbulent race”, a few hate-filled and antagonistic elements acting as successors to the ancestors of old British explorer and orientalist Sir Richard Burton referred to as poetasters, poetitos, and poetaccios in his 1854 visit to Somalia, grasped the opportunity to disseminate tribal hatred, fallacious propaganda and deceptive nationalistic aspirations that transformed into an inferno engulfing their own abodes, the Somali nation, and the entire Horn of Africa region.
Consequently, the few remaining adherents and religious leaders entrusted to the propagation of Islam became thunderstruck after noticing the abrupt reduction of devotees, abandonment of mosques, and desertion of religious centers.

What followed next became history. Somalia's predominantly Muslim nation was headed for destruction. The formation of guerilla movements up north led to the overthrow of the corrupt government. Driven by revenge, greed, and power, these guerilla movements further plunged the already morally corrupt and bankrupt nation in to tribal divisions and cantons. The ensuing two-decade civil strife accelerated genocide whose victims include the elderly, women, and children. The strong stuck to their guns; academia left the country enmasse, and nations with a stake in Somalia’s fragmentation jostled for influence and occupation.

Anyhow, having unearthed some of Somalia's past wrongdoings and premeditated transgressions, I beseech the reader to dissuade pointing fingers at others and kindly reflect the propensity of immorality that was Somalia before its initial collapse.


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Sunday, September 26, 2010

The Rise of India and China

Map of Asia in Chinese.Image via Wikipedia

The world is experiencing a wind of change. With the collapse of the mighty Soviet Union and the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the United States evolved as the sole undisputed super power. The European Community (lately the European Union) embarked on the integration of former Soviet republics and former Eastern European countries into its fold by providing material and moral support. On the other hand, the United States was busy watching a new Russia that emerged out of disintegrated USSR. Because Russia possessed dangerous nuclear arsenals, the U.S. kept a watchful eye on every movement of Russia economically, socially, and politically.

With the United States remaining the only global hegemon, India and China jumped on the bandwagon not necessarily on military platforms but on economic empowerment. This brought an end to the era of the single global policeman. The world transformed from unilateralism to multilateralism. All general disputes became the prerogative of the international community with the United Nations serving as the master jury.

However, in East Asia-two nations, India and China made great strides in the fields of scientific and military technology, in economic prosperity through global partnerships and globalization, enhanced industrialization, and international political engagements. Through increased exports and educational advancement, these two Asian tigers tremendously increased their Gross Domestic Products (GDP) within a short period of time.

India is reputedly the largest democracy in the world while China, despite espousing authoritarian form of government, enjoys a business culture that is absolutely capitalistic in outlook. With the blessings of George W. Bush, the United States saw the flight of innumerable American companies moving out of the country and settling in India and China respectively. In the name of globalization, American companies settled in Indian soil with ease. American companies settling in India found cheap labor and well-educated middle-class workers like doctors, engineers, lawyers, researchers, and computer technicians who did the perfect job.

Likewise, the Chinese took over the job of filling American shelves with cheap consumer products without which could see American business enterprises stagnated. The Chinese secured contracts in oil and mineral explorations in Africa and as far as Australia; Chinese engineering companies secured concessions in many impoverished countries building schools, constructing massive ports; the Chinese government gave out millions of dollars to poor countries hoping to secure contractual rights in return.

Meanwhile, the EU expanded its borders by attracting poor Eastern European countries in the hope of expanding its sphere of influence. Through mutual cooperation, the EU has also increased its dealings with India and China. This continued reciprocal friendship will see India and China becoming future super powers to reckon with.
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Saturday, September 25, 2010

Presidents without Ties

Suit and tieImage via Wikipedia

Russian leaders are known to enjoy capitalism and evade democracy. Similarly, some leaders like adorning business attire and yet shun wearing ties. So what is wrong with wearing tie with suit? Does the tie have a religious significance that has to be avoided? Is this not like saying “I like drinking soup but avoid eating meat”. "Hilibka macuni laakiin fuudka waan cabbaa". Does it make any sense wearing shoes without socks? Does wearing tie make one ugly, irreligious, or apostate?

The skirt is said to have originated from people of Gaelic or Celtic origin. But the truth of the matter is, the skirt remains the oldest human fashion. In ancient history skirts were made from animal skin or from tree leaves. The skirt is worn in many modern cultures like in Scotland where it is worn by men on special occassions like festivals. It is worn in Yemen, in Indonesia, and even in Somalia where men's "macawis" has the shape of a skirt.

We learn from the history of fashion that the skirt worn by women was first discovered by a very clever Englishman who was a tailor by profession. He created the skirt after seeing the streets of London full of women who lost their husbands in brutal wars. He wanted the few remaining men to be attracted to the multitudes of widowed women. This clever art increased the number of girlfriends and boyfriends. So, every woman had at least a boyfriend.

When a Muslim president representing an entire nation wears suit without tie in front of hundreds of delegates converged on an international arena, one is made to think that the president in question is improperly dressed. How about wearing shoes without socks in the same arena? It wouldn't make sense, isn't it?

We know the suit originated in Europe, most probably in England and that it is the most internationally accepted attire in any international setting. If one can wear a scarf around the neck, then, what is wrong with a neck tie?

For sure there is an unsubstantiated and suspicious religious ethic or edict behind shunning the tie. Some attribute the tie to have been created by an ancient Christian monk who wanted a universal fashion for the adherents of Christianity. If that is the case, then why wear the suit that came from a European land dominated by Christians? I'm sure doubting Tom has no credible answer for the above question.

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Sunday, September 19, 2010

Nomad Diaries Rekindles Old Memories

Somali girls in traditional nomad attire.Image via Wikipedia

In a country like Somalia where communal structural composition is dictated by patriarchalism, confounding sedentary lifestyles, ferocious intertribal violence, political obscurantism, wife-beating and wife-inheritance, polygamous and arranged marriages, and recurring rivalry, prospective female writers often find themselves in troubling situations that plight their struggle for scholarly recognition.

Undoubtedly, such inhuman and belligerent literary blockades riddled with explosively unwarranted hate towards our female partners by cynical males contribute to gender segregation. However, for many optimistic and fortunate female Somali writers in the Diaspora, female abhorrence and negative perceptions have become tales of the ancients as many have found literary succor in distant lands-lands whose governing styles repudiate male domineering, authoritarianism, and insensate jungle laws.

Shockingly, freedom of press has opened the gates for tarantula of controversial male and female writers who unabashedly and publicly denigrate African and Islamic values, renounce the Islamic faith, and proclaim atheism. Hateful utterances jotted down in the lines of a book will never change concerted societal political resolve nor deter steadfast adherents from following their religious beliefs nor dissuade committed aspirants from plotting their ambitions.

Unlike writers driven by Islamophobia, ethno-nationalism and ethnocentrism, color bar, and malevolent speechifying propaganda, Nomad diaries (NomadHouse, 2009), a new book that gracefully and radiantly towers above other publications in major bookstands and internet sites, is a contemporary novel detailing incredible social, political, and economical events in clangorous pre and post-Somalia. The author, Yasmeen Maxamuud- a Somali- is an erudite essayists and editor of the portal WardheerNews. Yasmeen spent four painstakingly concrete years with one thing in mind: the final delivery of a captivatingly fine-tuned and well-rehearsed fictional narrative full of drama, euphoria, and absolute tribulation that jolts the nerves of the reader. It is a book full of ordeals depicting characters primarily overwhelmed by a potpourri of conditions that include violence and drug abuse, despondency and illegitimacy, rejection and consanguinity, pessimism and optimism, circumlocution and loquaciousness, magnetism and vivacity in war-ravaged Somalia, in cross border jungles teeming with beasts, in the hostile and inhospitable refugee camps of Kenya, and in cosmopolitan America.

From the 1960s to the present day, African scholars belonging to the literary world-whether writers of fiction or nonfiction, journalists, poets, dramatists, essayists, children’s writers, or novelists-have been in the forefront producing a plethora of literary works related to various genres: particularly on topics related to culture, gender, dictatorship, colonialism, and neocolonialism. Some novels have been written prior to any African country gaining independence. Others came rolling out of print immediately after 1957 when Ghana and Libya proclaimed independence from England and Italy respectively. Chinua Achebe’s celebrated novel, Things Fall Apart was first published in 1958 while his other novel Arrow of God came out of print in 1964. Things Fall Apart has been adapted into a novel and so is The Concubine by Nigerian writer Elechi Amadi. Peter Abrahams, the South African born (but of Ethiopian father and a colored South African mother) whose novel Mine Boy rekindled the old sores of apartheid remains on the shelves of many libraries and bookstores worldwide despite coming out of print in 1946. His other works include the story collection Dark Testament (1942) and the novels The Path of Thunder (1948), A Wreath for Udomo (1956), A Night of Their Own (1965), the Jamaica-set This Island Now (1966, the only one of his novels not set in Africa) and The View from Coyaba (1985).
Our own Nuruddin Farah had his first novel, From a Crooked Rib, written in 1970 followed by a succession of wide-ranging scholarly publications, anthology of poems, trilogies, and novels. Africa has produced some of the best writers in the world with Wole Soyinka, Chinua Achebe, and Nuruddin Farah capturing internationally acclaimed awards.

Besides being a novelist, Soyinka is known as a recipient of the acclaimed Nobel Prize in literature. When a pro-democracy political rally by angry demonstrators denouncing Olusegun Obasanjo’s rigging of elections turned violent in Lagos in 2004, Nobelist and literary doyen Soyinka found himself teargased and then thrown behind bars by Nigeria’s police. Some of Africa’s novelists never trained in literature. A case in point is Elechi Amadi of Nigeria who majored in Physics and Mathematics and was at one time a member of the armed forces of his country. Guinean novelist Camara Laye trained as a motor mechanic.

Some novelists departed the world young while others continue to live at advanced ages viewing political events of their nations from the sidelines; some remain in academia as distinguished professors for the sake of serving humanity.

West Africa has produced many inspiring and talented writers with Nigeria dominating the scene. Depending on a nation’s inclination toward colonial rule, most works by West Africans have either been written in French or in English. A prominent novel written in French recounting the youthful voyage of novelist Camara Laye is L’Enfant noir (1953; Dark Child). With the advancement of contemporary printing techniques, modern novelists have conscientiously taken to writing in local languages in order to educate their underserved mass reeling under autocratic leaderships.

Growing up in Africa when the level of secondary education was in par with either the British or American systems of education-in an era when kindergartners sang “twinkle, twinkle little star” and when high school students voraciously devoured novels consisting of hundreds of pages within a matter of days-regardless of whether they were written by Charles Dickens-the English novelist of the Victorian-era or by an African, the most fortunate in Africa’s post colonial educational establishments have been those who benefited from a curriculum untouched by post-independence African dictators. Surprisingly, post-colonial African academics have been the first to off-set the current trend known as “brain drain” where the most educated left the continent in large numbers in search of greener pastures. The most enticing destination for African academics was in the western hemisphere. Since most African dictators did not entertain criticism of their new administrations, writers and novelists who felt dismay at how their governments operated produced poems, plays, and critical publications denouncing specific leaders. In retaliation, authorities embarked on confiscation of literature, banning of plays, closure of theaters, and conviction of suspects without representation of attorney. Those writers fortunate enough to escape the terrifying dragnets chose self-exile.

Ugandan novelist and former university lecturer Okot P’Bitek may be remembered for his hair-raising novels written in the truest African taste. Song of Lawino (1966), originally written in Acholi was later rendered into English. It is about a tediously long and uninterrupted speech by a wife lamenting her husband’s adoption of western ideals and manners. In response to his wife’s dramatic monologue, Okot P’Bitek wrote Song of Ocol (1970) in support of his wife’s predictions.

With the shortage of African-owned printing presses, nations that emerged out of colonialism relied heavily on curriculums and printing presses of their colonial masters for educational instructions. Assumingly, in English-speaking Africa, from kindergarten to college, school equipment schemes had their textbooks printed by either McMillan, Heinemann or by Oxford University Press. These publishers remained pioneers in the provision of books, multimedia, and classroom materials until the emergence of government-owned printing presses.

Several post-colonial African leaders like Jomo Kenyatta and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga of Kenya wrote books during their lifetimes. Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, father to the current prime minister of Kenya, Raila Odinga, may be remembered for his book Not Yet Uhuru (Heinemann, 1967), a 340-page autobiography of Oginga Odinga and published by Heinemann in 1968. Jomo Kenya, Kenya’s first post-colonial president, wrote the anthropological book Facing Mount Kenya (Vintage Books, 1962) with introduction by Bronislaw Malinowski-his mentor at the London School of Economics. A Long Walk to Freedom (Little, Brown & Co., 1995) by Nelson Mandela is an autobiography relating the life and times of one of the world’s longest serving political prisoner. Mandela spent seventeen years of his twenty-seven years behind bars in the notorious Robben Island Prison in South Africa. A recipient of the Nobel Prize, Mandela became South Africa’s first post-apartheid president and served just one-term (1994-1999).
Undoubtedly, Léopold Sédar Senghor of Senegal remains Africa’s most prolific writer and president. Some of his celebrated works written in French include:
Prière aux masques (Circa 1935 - Published in collected works during the 1940s).
Chants d'ombre (1945)
Hosties noires (1948)
Anthologie de la nouvelle poésie nègre et malgache (1948)
Éthiopiques (1956)
Nocturnes (1961)
Nation et voie africaine du socialisme (1961)
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin et la politique africaine (1962)
Lettres de d'hivernage (1973)
Élégies majeures (1979)
La poésie de l'action : conversation avec Mohamed Aziza (1980)
Ce que je crois (1988)

Surely, Nomad Diaries has rekindled old memories. Without it, recollecting the line-up of books published by Heinemann and written by literary behemoths like Chinua Achebe, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Steve Biko, Ama Ata Aidoo, Nadine Gordimer, Buchi Emecheta, Okot p'Bitek and others, would have been impossible.
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Thursday, September 16, 2010

The Colorful Stripes of a Totalitarian Ruler

Scars of a whipped slave (April 2, 1863, Baton...Image via Wikipedia

Africa has seen the true colors of totalitarian rulers. Some were harsher than others. This system of rule may be described as the most brutal and inhuman form of all types of governance. Millions got killed, maimed, raped, and detained without judicial recourse since colonialism exited the African continent. Multitudes of Africans perished due to food deprivation; others were decimated by curable diseases; denial of basic necessities left unaccountable number reeling in abject poverty.

Colonialism gave birth to the legacies of neocolonialism and economic slavery, scientific socialism and communism. Africa’s totalitarian rulers finally embraced pseudo-democracy or hybrid democracy which came about as a result of Western pressure and the want of economic aid-aid that gradually trickled in with many strings attached.

Post colonial Africa was ruled with the barrel of the gun; African dictators preferred to rule while in military uniform-an irregular fear-instilling dress that belonged to the barracks. Almost every African head of state preferred to be called “His Excellency” or “Mheshimiwa” in Kiswahili. Others were conferred on with the title of “Sir” by Her Majesty, the colonial master queen at-large. Former African colonies still remain orphans of their colonial masters. Calling an African president “Mr. President” was, in some countries, until recently, punishable by death by hanging until pronounced death. Some leaders admired the terms “Father of the Nation” or “Baba wa Taifa”, Mzee” or “Victory Bearer”. Wives of head of state-regardless of health condition and physical appearance-took the title of "Mama” or “Mother of the Nation”. The title “First Lady” is a recent creation.

In preparation for a ceremonial event or delivery of address to the nation by the president, the national security apparatus embarked on wide-ranging skirmishes of executions and arbitrary arrests of innocent civilians days before the occassion. Suspects were shot at point blank range; people gathered around ramshackle diases hours before commencement of ceremonies; others lined-up along pot-holed roads waving olive branches in the scorching sun of the equator without food and water; expectant mothers, children, and the elderly got flushed out of their grass-thatched houses by dreaded security forces in riot gear.

School children rehearsed school choir choruses in praise of the president while drenched in perspiration, dehydrated and on empty stomachs. After thunderous applause, those heads of states who happened to be illiterate issued diktats or communiqués signed with their thumb prints.
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Human Rights Abuses under Scrutiny in Somalia

United Nations Human Rights Council logo.Image via Wikipedia

Those bad elements perpetrating human rights abuses in the Horn of African nation of Somalia have now come under heavy scrutiny as every aspect of their past and present heinous actions are now being documented by the heavy arm of the United Nations Human Rights watchdog. After a lingering setback from its international commitments in Somalia’s quagmire, it’s quite obvious that this international agency has now a plan to restrain and bring to book anyone suspected of being behind the recurring rivalry in Somalia’s murky and unsettling politics.
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Thursday, September 9, 2010

EID MUBARAK

9999999 (Angelonia 天使花)Image by Jennifer 真泥佛 via Flickr

Eid Mubarak wherever you may be. It is time to celebrate with family and friends and praise Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful.

Sunday, September 5, 2010

HIV/AIDS Sufferers Told to Partake in Suicide Missions

Moonrise and minaret in Merca, SomaliaImage via Wikipedia

During a recent visit to a center for HIV/AIDS patients in the seaside town of Merca in Somalia’s Lower Shebelle region, Mohamed Abu Abdalla Idris, a prominent and high profile member of al-Shabab faction advised HIV/AIDS sufferers to partake in the struggle to rid Somalia of foreign enemies by becoming suicide bombers since their chance of survival is slim and their prospect of getting cured from the debilitating disease remaining almost impossible.

This sad news saw many of the victims vacate the premises of Sterling Center for HIV/AIDS- a sad action that prompted the administrators to keep the center under lock and key until further notice.
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A New Era for Kenya-Somalis

Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki at the 8th EAC su...Image via Wikipedia

The recent national referendum held in Kenya and the subsequent promulgation of the constitution witnessed by representatives from the international community, foreign diplomats, and heads of some African states has placed the republic of Kenya at a remarkably elevated height in par with emerging democracies. Kenya of the yesteryears has been one dominated by favoritisms and clan politics-a dangerous precedent that continued for over forty-seven years. Since attainment of independence from England in 1963 when Mzee Jomo Kenyatta became the nation’s first president, minority societies lived under humiliating conditions and repressive emergency laws compounded by killings, rape and plunder, arbitrary arrests, denial of basic necessities, torching of villages, concentration camps akin those of Nazi Germany, unemployment, and recurring natural hazards like drought and famine, locust invasions, desertification and desertization.

After the subsequent death of Jomo Kenyatta in 1978, the reins of power fell on the hands of Dictator Daniel Arap Moi who imposed similar sweeping measures while ruling over a single party government dominated by his henchmen and party stalwarts. He introduced a form of leadership style analogous to that of his predecessor by pioneering a ruling establishment that came to be known as ‘Nyayo’-a slogan implying ‘footsteps’ where he boisterously and meticulously put to profound use without the least deviation whatsoever.

A failed coup engineered by junior ranking members of the Kenya Air Force (now 82 Air Force) in 1982 made Daniel Moi more ravenous, authoritarian, and perhaps more rabble-rousing in dealing with opposition. Moi was shown the door and sent packing in 1992 after the birth of multiparty democracy-a fight organized by courageous opposition figures and Smith Hempstone-the fiery U.S. Ambassador to Kenya at that time together with strenuous pressure from the democratic world. Thus, Moi’s successor, Kenya’s current head of state, Mwai Kibaki, became the nation’s first leader in democratic Kenya .

Even with the implementation of political pluralism, political tensions flared-up in 2008 after a dispute arose between the two major political parties in a fraudulent election that saw opposing sides slaughter each other in the glare of television cameras leaving approximately two-thousand civilians dead and over three-hundred thousand displaced mainly in the agriculturally productive Rift Valley region. This ugly scenario between the forces of Raila Odinga who is the current prime minister and Mwai Kibaki led to an international intervention that brought in acclaimed dignitaries like Bishop Desmond Tutu, Graca Machel (widow of former Mozambican president Samora Machel and current wife of Nelson Mandela, former president of the Republic of South Africa), Kofi Anan (former Secretary General of the U.N.), John Kufuor (former president of Ghana), and Benjamin Mkapa (former president of Tanzania) among others. This international intervention led to sharing of power between the Nilotic Luo and Bantu Kikuyu respectively.

Consequently, Kenya’s newly promulgated constitution will replace the old one inherited from Kenya’s colonial master-Britain. It is a constitution that will equally apply to all Kenyans regardless of religion, race, gender, political affiliation, color, and sex. Provincial administrators will be replaced by elected governors; the nation will have upper and lower houses to be elected through the ballot; parliamentarians will be replaced by senators, and the law will apply equally to all in due course. Muslims and minority tribes who suffered for decades under former regimes will now have a say in the governing of the nation. Undoubtedly, the long neglected eastern and northeastern provinces dominated by Somalis will rise from the ashes of destruction and see dramatic rise in their levels of education, health, sanitation, infrastructure, and marketability. What was once the prerogative of the majority and the wealthy will finally and for the foreseeable future change hands and elevate the ranks of the downtrodden.
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Saturday, September 4, 2010

Razor-Sharp-Mouthed EPRDF Party Troglodytes Globetrotting With Deception and Unconventional Wisdom

Coat of arms of EthiopiaImage via Wikipedia

From the time Atto Meles Zenawi was declared the overall winner of the pseudo-democratic presidential elections held in Ethiopia last May, a retinue of Tigreyan troglodytes from Ethiopia’s Somali region have been circumnavigating the globe extending an olive branch to the Ethiopian-Somali Diaspora with a message of peace and reconciliation from the headquarters of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF)-a conglomeration consisting of the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF), Oromo Peoples' Democratic Organization (OPDO), Amhara National Democratic Movement (ANDM), and the Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (SEPDM).

Delegations led by razor-sharp-mouthed representatives relaying unconventional wisdom converged on major cities in the western hemisphere with a view to selling their distorted ideologies to unsuspecting and predominantly uninformed onlookers and sightseers who were not part of the initial decision-making processes or originally intended political pundits.

Shuttling between Washington, D.C., Seattle, San Diego, and Minneapolis, and several other European cities, these uncompromising impostors driven by party zealotry unleashed well-rehearsed ideologies and revolutionary desiderata by calling on participants to grab offers of democratic values of inclusivity-perhaps referring to variants like freedom, equality, equity, cooperation, peaceful resolution of disputes, the rule of law, popular sovereignty, representative democracy, economic well-being, equality of opportunity, equality of condition, and other democratic factors-aspects that are absolutely unattainable in majoritarian, heterogeneous and “Cruel Ethiopia”.

Led by the youthful fire-spitting Abdifatah Sheikh Abdullahi, a tribal-minded political neophyte with past records of corruption and freewheeling lifestyle, EPRDF party apparatchiks gave conflicting imaginary statements aimed at winning the hearts and minds of the Ethiopian-Somali Diaspora.

Do these so-called representatives of the EPRDF who are in essence Somalis themselves reflect the atrocities, repression, arbitrary arrests, denial of basic services, and the host of inhuman measures inflicted on their people by the current and past regimes seated in Addis Ababa? Without an iota of doubt the regime in Addis Ababa has committed heinous crimes including genocide against Somalis of Ethiopia.

Ironically, what these subjects fail to realize is that even fascist Italy under Benito Mussolini claimed to have been a democracy one time and that the same applies to Germany under Adolf Hitler. Where on earth is the democracy they are preaching when demonstrations are suppressed and the opposition jailed or killed? An election where the ruling party garners majority of the votes is not a democracy. Do they know that modern democracy is generally of three types: (1) Presidentialism where the president and the Congress are elected separately, lawmaking depends on a balance of Congressional and presidential powers, the Supreme Court may strike down laws as unconstitutional, and that the president, the Congress, and the states can together override decisions of the Supreme Court. This kind of government is practiced by the United States. (2) Parliamentary System also known as parliamentary government where the people elect the national legislature; the national legislature (usually the lower house in bicameral legislatures) elects or approves the government as in United Kingdom, Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Jamaica, Norway, Netherlands, Slovenia and others. Parliamentary Government is the most widely used form of democracy in the world. A Single-Party Majoritarian Government is where one party wins an absolute majority of seats in the national legislature and forms the government (an absolute majority means 50 percent plus one). This kind of government was the British House of Commons elections of 1997 when the Labor Party won 419 of the 659 seats in the House or 63.6% of the total. The final type of modern democracy is the mixed presidential-parliamentary system also known as semi-presidentialism where a president or prime minister can each have significant decision-making powers as in Russia, Sri Lanka, South Korea, France, Portugal, Finland and others.[1]
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Michael J. Sodaro, Comparative Politics: A Global Introduction, The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020

Sunday, August 29, 2010

Focus on Arabia’s Abusive Masters and their Mistreated Maids

Map of the Arabic Peninsula, displaying Saudi ...Image via Wikipedia

Painful narratives of maids being abused by their millionaire masters in Arabia have escaped the attention of many Arab governments. Natives of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Kuwait who have little or no time for house chores usually hire maids brought into the country from as far as Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. These maids who do all the dirty works for Arab households often work grueling hours without breaks while under constant supervision and harassments.

The overall management of maids coming into these countries is the prerogative of employment agencies and influential individual figures having connections with the immigration departments of their respective governments. However, the responsibility of the agency ends immediately a maid is transferred to a household or employer. The only time an agency may get involved is when a problem occurs.

Stories of maids subjected to worst forms of torture abound in the Arabian Peninsula. With strict religious and cultural observances in place in these countries, a sexually agitated male household member in search of sexual relief may indiscriminately and forcefully rape or assault an innocent maidservant without the least fear of judicial ramifications. In a land fraught with gender stratification, color bar, and xenophobia, the number of unreported incidents experienced by innocent maids and intentionally swept under the carpet must be enormous.

The few demeaning or dehumanizing occurrences surreptitiously reported to the media include cases of rape, banging of heads against walls, rape and assaults, denial of wages, overwork, denial of sleep, rest, and day-offs, driving of nails and needles into the bodies of poor maidservants, refusal to communicate with friends, relatives, and the outside world, racial slurs or occasional use of annoying epithets, and denial of food and medication.

Despite the use of the N-word by radio host Dr. Laura responding to a caller of color rattling millions of people worldwide, in the Arab world, the use of exasperating and unpleasant names like Hemar (donkey), Kelb (dog), Aswad (black), and Abed (slave) serve as daily condiments and appellations hurled at people of color that may never be appealed or objected.

Once upon a time in one of the cities of Arabia, a man of color walked into a restaurant in a busy section of the city, sat in a corner and then ordered himself a meal from one of the waiters. Minutes later he was brought the food he ordered. After finishing eating and paying the bill, he decided to sit for a while and talk on the phone. In the meantime, while the cutlery he used was being taken away, seven Arab men walked in, sat opposite where he was sitting, and ordered food. Thinking that the man they were about to backbite was not paying attention, one of the men spoke to the waiter taking the orders by telling him, “please don’t serve us with the plate used by that abed (slave)”. Feeling insulted but pretending not to have heard their conversation, the man carefully left the scene. A few minutes later, the aggrieved man returned to the restaurant and shot seven of them dead before they could finish eating their hot, spicy, and delicious meals.

The wisdom behind this story is "all men have been created equal"; we humans chose to divide ourselves". Never underestimate a fellow human being. Never use color, creed, sex, religion, political affiliation, country of origin, and other factors to separate yourself from others. The human DNA is a testimony to the equality of the human race.
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Saturday, August 28, 2010

The Controversial Arrival of Sudan’s el-Bashir for Kenya’s Constitutional Promulgation

International Criminal Court (ICC) logoImage via Wikipedia

A well-organized ceremony with heightened security convened in Nairobi’s Uhuru Park for the promulgation of Kenya’s new constitution, left many surprised at the arrival of the President of Sudan, Hassan el-Bashir. According to Kenya’s media sources, the nation’s airspace remained closed to air traffic for four hours. Instead of arriving at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport where all heads of states frequent, el-Bashir’s presidential jet landed at Wilson Airport which is usually reserved for smaller aircraft.

Members of Kenya Parliament, cabinet ministers, and the public felt offended by the presence of el-Bashir-a man who is wanted by the International Criminal Court (ICC) for crimes of genocide in his country. Even the President of the United States, Barack Obama, commented on the issue of el-Bashir in Kenya. Kenya is a signatory to ICC and many wonder why el-Bashir was invited in the first place.

Flanked by Najib Balala, Kenya’s minister for tourism, el-Bashir took part in the promulgation of Kenya’s new constitution without any problems. Ironically, even Raila Odinga, Kenya’s Prime Minister was not notified of el-Bashir’s coming to Kenya. From this incident, we learn that Kenya is not a country whose affairs can be dictated by outside forces and that it will apply all the necessary means to safeguard its sovereignty and neighborliness.

Sudan is a neighbor of Kenya and Kenya has played a big role in the implementation of peace in Sudan in the past. Kenya’s current special envoy to Sudan is Daniel Toroitich Arap Moi-a man who has been in the forefront of restoring peace in many parts of Africa including neighboring Somalia, Rwanda, and Burundi. Arap Moi preceded Mwai Kibaki as president of Kenya. He is regarded in Kenya as a statesman and peacemaker.
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Thursday, August 26, 2010

Amin Amir: Somalia’s Unquestionable Cartoonist

The awe-inspiring works of Amin Amir, Somalia’s undisputed cartoonist, speak louder than words. Before Somalia descended into chaos almost two decades ago, Amin’s work played great role in the dissemination of revolutionary propaganda that were the hallmark of the fallen military regime. Upon Somalia descending into its current ungovernable state, Amin transformed his nature of drawings into a more structurally defined art of criticism that came to greatly affect many heinous warlords, ineffective leaders, merciless and coldblooded assassins, and tribal hegemons with varied negative intentions. A devoted defender of the rights of the poor, his characterization of political misfits continues to inspire millions of displaced Somalis who have been driven from their homes. On the contrary, he has been called names, threatened, and insulted by parties and individuals who feel his premeditated artwork depictions as being the cause of their miserable failures and gross miscalculations.

Criticism in the form of a cartoon is a healthy way of establishing the causes of political miscalculations and a viable alternative to deliberating the causes of crime and lawlessness, transgression, anarchy, unprofessional conduct, and a plethora of social ills bedeviling a nation like Somalia. However, among Somalis, criticism is an indication of provocation and must be contained at all cost.

Amin’s exemplary creativities have angered many loquacious rulers of cantons and sword-wielding mullahs in a divided Somalia. Arguably, not everyone can become a cartoonist overnight; it is a talent and knowledge that can be learned. It requires methodical brainstorming, time and effort, and philosophical and logical thought to characterize an entity into a definite picture so as to capture the attention of a broader audience.

In the meantime, we learn that the valued cartoonist is training his young son in the art of cartoon making. Sounds a great idea because, we need more people in this field in times of war and peace. I would also suggest Somali female students whether in the Diaspora or in Somalia give a thought and reflect on the importance of this treasured art for the future of the Somali nation. Those who have access to the internet should consider taking lessons online. In the long run Amin Amir will prevail in his cartoon war-a war that calls for more united cartoonists whose only weapon will be paint, brush, and paper.

Wednesday, August 25, 2010

Somalia’s Transitional Government about to Fall to Insurgents

A Transitional Federal Government soldier on a...Image via Wikipedia

A devastating suicide bomb brought Mogadishu, Somalia’s capital city, to a standstill yesterday when about two to three insurgents from the militant group al-Shabab penetrated Muna Hotel frequented by government figures and military officers. The well-orchestrated infiltration resulted in the death of over 80 people including parliamentarians, military officers, employees of the hotel, and civilians. Disguised as members of Somalia’s armed force as they were dressed in military fatigues, the insurgents made their way to the hotel without meeting with any resistance. Upon entering the hotel premises, the insurgents shot the hotel occupants one by one. Later, two of the suicide bombers who were suspected of wearing suicide vests denoted their bombs leaving behind a bloodbath that caused international outcry. The third accomplice, according to sources, was shot outside of the hotel by security officers while he was fleeing the deadly scene.

A few days before this terrible incident, a spokesman for al-Shabab sounded his drums of a looming war-a warning the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and AMISOM troops failed to heed. In actual fact, both al-Shabab and Hizb-al-Islam proclaimed that a major offensive was in the making during the holy month of Ramadan when Muslims observe a prolonged 30-day fast from dawn to dusk. The Muslim holy month of Ramadan began on the 11th of August and will continue until the 9th of September according to the sighting of the next new moon.

In Islamic history, Prophet Muhammad (SAW) proclaimed a decisive victory over the pagan Qureish tribe of Mecca in the Battle of Badr in the Hejaz region of present-day Arabia on the 17th of the month of Ramadan in the year 2 AH corresponding to March 17, 624 AD . It was in this war that Muhammad’s chief antagonist, 'Amr ibn Hishām was killed, according to the biographies of the prophet and the authentic hadith (traditions). Likewise, it is anticipated that a bitter war will erupt in Mogadishu on the 17th of Ramadan which falls within a few days from now. Reports that the two militant groups have mobilized a large army for this battle remain to be seen.

Somalia’s underserved military and the African Union peacekeeping troops stationed in Mogadishu have embarked on a major offensive meant to push back the advancing militants. In the meantime, there is a grounded fear Sheikh Sharif’s government could collapse anytime soon should the insurgents continue to gain more ground.

Friday, August 20, 2010

Somalia's Beauty and the Beast

Engraving of the ancient Fakr ad-Din Mosque in...Image via Wikipedia

Somalia is a Horn of Africa nation bordering Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya and the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean and endowed with assortments of natural resources yet its people are starving-in fact it is fed by the international community. Majority of Somalis are followers of Islam; predominantly Somali is their language; and they share identical physical features. Somalis are categorized as Cushito-Hamitic and they have historically traded with Egyptians, Phoenicians, Babylonians, Greeks, Romans, Ottomans, Abyssinians, Arabs, and Persians. In historical antiquity and depicted in hieroglyphic writings retrieved from Egyptian tombs, Somalia has been referred to as the "Land of Punt" or the "Land of Gods". The "Hamitic Theory" conceived by colonial European explorers, missionaries, and discoverers is placed somewhere in the Horn of Africa. Perhaps, archeological excavations would reveal much about the past history of the Somali people. Besides the tall stature and acquiline features that make them distinct from some tribal groupings of Africa, the preservation of relics and artifacts such as the "Sibraar" or headband worn by adolescent Somali girls that resemble those worn by female pharaohs of Egypt, the cluster of cave paintings notable in the northeast of Somalia, Somali style of tribal hierarchy and administration, the discovery of Somali vernacular wordings identical to Egyptian hieroglyphics, Somali nomadic women mode of dress, and the vast archeological mounds resembling Egyptian pyramids could hold significant historical treasures if only there was stability and assured peace.

Geographically, Somalia’s physical features range from arid to semi-arid, tropical coasts, mountain terrains and ranges to the northeast as the great Rift Valley that runs from Jordan to Mozambique dissects a portion of the country, depleted tropical forests in the south, and a patch of burnt land known as Guban. It has two perennial rivers-the Shebelle and Juba Rivers respectively. It has dry river beds and ravines, creeks, and anthill mounds. The growth of acacia tree species sustains various types of wildlife and livestock as it is indigenous to the arid and semi-arid ecosystem. Perhaps, trees that grow in the Somali wilderness are the Acacia albida, Acacia senegal, and Acacia seyal. These acacia species may also be found in the Sahel or much of sub-Saharan Africa. Species like Cassuarina equisetifolia, Casia Siamea, and the neem tree that capture the landscapes of many towns and cities have been introduced recently before the outbreak of civil disobedience.

The beautiful gazelle-like Litocranius walerii or Gerenuk has its name derived from the Somali word Garanuug which translates to "Giraffe-necked". Once home to the big-five game-Elephant, Buffalo, Giraffe, Lion, and Rhino-the horrors of poaching and the crackle of gunfire has driven many animal species toward extinction. Also, environmental degradation and human encroachment have driven many animals across Somalia borders into neighboring countries. What was once a land teeming with leopards, cheetahs, lions, hyenas, elephants, and giraffes has been rendered useless and empty as animal breeding grounds and the soil that could sustain vegetation has been denuded of vital nutrients. A few miles outside of the town of Garissa in Kenya, herds of migrating giraffes have now found safe haven in a snactuary managed by the public with help from Kenya's wildlife department.

Even Somalia's bird and insect species have not been immune from the general calamity either. With the collapse of the central government, so disappeared the science of insectology and ornithology. A great many nesting fields and breeding grounds have instantly disappeared. The tampering of the ecosystem accelerated the demise of many bird and insect species only to be replaced by swarms of locusts and dangerous weeds, creeping deserts and intermittent doughts.

The southern part of the country has the potential to support agriculture. Before the collapse of the central government, Somalia was the second leading producer of bananas in Africa. Somalia's banana industry was funded and overseen by Somalita-a joint Somali-Italy consortium-consequently making Somalia a haven for bananas. Prior to the outbreak of the civil war, citrus and mango farming sustained a sizable population of the Juba and Shebelle regions. What is left today is not worth mentioning. Heartless warlords drove out farming communities into destitution either as refugees or internally displaced persons surviving on humanitarian handouts. Shockingly, the once arable lands that served as Somalia's breadbasket have been replaced with massive marijuana plantations. It is the introduction of the very mind-altering or psychotic drug that has affected many of the youth serving narcicistic warlords. The absence of drug control procedures and pharmaceutical companies has inundated Somalia with multitudes of controlled substances having debilitating effects. Coupled with insecurity and destitution and the collapse of the education sector, the rate of decimation on fauna and flora remain dispropotionally beyond comprehension. The central and southern regions once contained large swathes of forests that have been indiscriminately deforested by previous warlords who burnt vital tropical trees for charcoal processing. This coldhearted decimation of forests has been harmful to the sustainability of nitrogen-fixing tree species. Charcoal is in great demand in the Middle East where it is used for fireplaces and for barbeque. Climatologically, various regions of Somalia can effectively maintain arboriculture*, agrisilviculture (tree + crops), agrisilvipasture (trees + crops + pasture/animals), hortipasture (fruit trees + pasture/animals) and horticulture**.

Unlike some densely populated parts of Africa where land is scarce due to population explosion, Somalia’s sparsely populated and empty lands could be transformed into ranches so as to entice livestock owners abandon their nomadic lifestyles. Despite suffering educational retardation, a good number of educated Somalis in the Diaspora will unleash expertise and monetary value once stability is found. Regardless of the two decades of war and the destruction it wrought on the country, still many educational institutions training the future creams of the nation operate inside Somalia. Universities and colleges can be found in almost every region of the country today. In the past before the current turmoil, Somalia had a ministry that was solely responsible for overseeing forests and rangelands. An institute outside of Mogadishu in the town of Afgoi produced the bulk of foresters. Foreign governments and international organizations provided the funds and expertise for various projects related to forestry, agro-forestry, and silvipasture.

The most famous project spearheaded by the fallen military government was the Shalambood Sand Dune Stabilization Project that ended in success. A massive airlift for people affected by the prolonged 1974 drought in the towns of Obbia and Aynaba led to the creation of three settlements in Jujuma, Sablaale, and Kurtunwaareey in a program that came to be known as “Danwadaagaha” meaning “collective duty”. In early 80s, the United States Agency for International Development or USAID provided $800,000 to the Somali government to fight deforestation. Thus was born the Jalalaqsi Reforestation Project. Working in concert with Africare Inc., an African-American humanitarian organization and the Somali Ministry of Forestry and rangelands, hundreds of thousands of trees and cactus were planted inside the town of Jalalaqsi, within several refugee camps, and alongside sand dunes. It is here I worked as a Social Science Field Assistant working directly with a PhD candidate in Sociology. This inspiring project brought together foresters, nursery managers, field assistants, and an array of faces drawn from the U.S. and the Somali government respectively. I am not sure if this project reached its final phase or if it was abandoned midway as I left after the expiry of my contract in 1984.

In the Sanaag region, the towering Caal Madow mountain range is suspected to contain unexploited petroleum and other natural reserves. In the 70s and 80s, several Western-owned oil consortiums carried out explorations in several parts of the country though the end results of their activities remain elusive. Of the two hydro-electric projects conceived in Somalia-Faanoole and Baardheere-not much power has been generated. From what I know, the southern town of Gelib (Jilib) had enough supply of electricity while Mogadishu, the capital city of Somalia, experienced continuous blackouts at all times.

From the time a hijacked German airliner landed in Mogadishu in the 70s, the relationship between Somalia and East and West Germany have been good. Consequently, the West Germans brought several projects to Somalia including the water and sewage projects implemented by Saarberg Interplan that may be credited for the installation of water systems in Mogadishu,Jowhar, Afgoi, and Shalambood. Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit or GTZ in short, played a great role in the provision of technical expertise by training Somali technicians. On the other hand, the West Germans were responsible for the maintenance of the fleet of motorcyles and police vehicles operated by the Somali police force. LibSoma and RomSoma were two other bilateral projects visible in the country perhaps operated by Libyans and Romanians.

To the north east of the country straddle the famous Golis Mountains teeming with exotic wildlife. This is the perfect place for wildlife conservation, national parks, and tourist attractions. Hard currency extracted from tourism could stir the economy and also create jobs for thousands in a land where unemployment rate is a staggering 80%. Somalia’s pristine beaches that had been neglected by previous governments could be a hotbed for luxury hotels. However, in order to achieve success for the hotel industry, effective running should be the prerogative of foreign companies that possess tested knowledge and experience.

Somalia has the longest coastline in Africa measuring approximately 3,333 km. To the north is the Red Sea and to the south is the massive Indian Ocean. With abundance of fish and other types of marine life, these two bodies of water can sustain the entire Somali nation of ten million. Unfortunately, since 1990, illegal fishing of Somali waters by foreign fishing trawlers has drastically reduced Somali fish stock. The proliferation of piracy and the contamination of Somalia’s pristine and tropical coastline with industrial wastes remain obstacles to maritime management and exploration. The coastline of Somalia contains a wealth of fishes and marine life ranging from tuna, crabs, mackerel, sardines, lobster, shrimps, turtles, sharks, exotic porpoises, and dugong. During the rule of the military government, Somalia leased trawlers from foreign governments exclusively for the exploitation of maritime waters. Located in the Sanaag region inhabited by the Warsangeli sub-clan of the Darod, the famous Las Qoray Fishing Cannery was reputedly the biggest in Africa producing processed canned fish that was exported to European destinations and a sizable product consumed locally. The factory was funded and run by the Russians before their departure from Somalia in the late 70s. Surprisingly, the cannery is now in operation thanks to the efforts of Warsangeli entrepreneurs.

On the other hand, Somalia is endowed with livestock. It is estimated that the number of camels in the country outnumber human population. Besides, there is a wealth of cattle, goats, and sheep that, if effectively managed, could be used to rejuvenate the economy. If the Somali-inhabited Garissa District in Kenya has the highest concentration of Livestock in East and Central Africa, likewise, Somalia’s livestock population must be vast and boundless. Previously, the ports of Berbera, Bossasso, Mogadishu, and Kismayu served as major transit points for Somali livestock destined for Arabia. Originally built by the Russians, the port and airport of Berbera was rehabilitated by MWK Int’l Ltd. Inc., based in Seattle, WA. I worked in the accounting department of this massive project which in fact was made possible by a contract agreement between the United States Department of Navy and the Somali Ministry of Defense. On the other hand and upon completion of the Port of Berbera, the Somali government this time embarked on the rehabilitation of the Port of Kismayu located in the south of the country. An overseas-based company by the name George Fuller Company became the final benefector for the bid. Unfortunately, the fragmentation of the nation into fiefdoms controlled by warlords, religious factions, autonomous governments, and tribal secessionists handicapped the operation of the livestock industry. Most of the nations infrastructure was either sold as scrap metal in the Middle East, became delapidated for lack of maintenance, or became target for artillery fire. It beats logic that Somali livestock are being sold at throwaway prices in North Africa and the Middle East. A goat or sheep bought in Somalia by Arab merchants fetches the same price as a plate of rice sold in Arabian restaurants. Surprisingly, whether in Cairo or Jeddah, Arabs, are fond of consuming meat originating in Somalia because of its freshness, delicacy, and taste .

*The study and care of woody plants; example trees.
** Care for garden.

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Wednesday, August 18, 2010

Morals and Manners

Detail of The School of Athens by Raffaello Sa...Image via Wikipedia

Millions of people in our world are living in fear of other powerful monsters. Likewise, millions of employees live in similar conditions. Thus, these tormented people harbor resentment and negative feelings. “When people work in conditions of perceived unfairness and unkindness, they fall into self-protective mode. Like turtles, they crawl into their shells and hide. They’re not motivated to take positive risks, to dig deep inside to discover all their talents and bring those talents to bear in creative ways on the challenges of the corporate business. Their emotions are tinged by fear and resentment, and these negative feelings block the flow of positive emotional energy they could be putting to work in their daily activities.” (Tom Morris, p. 121)
For most humans, with the exception of a few, morals and manners are part of their daily lives. The famous saying “charity begins at home” serves greater good if observed by all. Good manners, helping the needy, being kind to relatives and neighbors and caring for parents should be the unbending observable pillar of everyone’s life. Humankind must learn to abhor belligerence of every kind. There are people who have no consideration for the rights of others. Ethics and morality have been in existence since time immemorial though there are millions who disregard respect for the law and for fellow human beings.

De-icing your feeble neighbor's car in sub-zero degree temperature, feeding the poor, assisting widows and orphans, partaking in fundraising activities, caring for your parents when they attain old age and not abandoning them in old age homes as is common in Western culture, raising a hale and healthy family, going the extra mile in pursuit of justice for the wronged, being patient when in a queue, respecting the opposite gender, and working as a volunteer without expecting anything in return are part of good morals and manners and a gateway to paradise in many religions.

Helping others as long as you are in good health determines who you are. Helping start a jammed neighbor’s car is an act of piety. You have been helped many times by strangers so why should you not be of help to others when they need you most. There are people who act surreptitiously or dodge when their assistance is sought. These types of people are charlatans. When they need help they shed crocodile tears.

Almost all educational institutions have rules and regulations that govern them. So are firms, associations, and organizations. Such rules are meant to instill peace and create harmonious working environments. Goodness is true nobility-Iphicrates. What is your understanding of morals and manners?

Managing Effectively while Inculcating Equality

Hand-colored photograph of Carl Jung in USA, p...Image via Wikipedia

All cruel people describe themselves as paragons of frankness-Tennessee Williams

We now learn from the scientific and biological fraternity that all humans are a product of X and Y chromosomes. Geneticists can now reveal to us that there are 35,000 genes in the human DNA and 3 billion chemical base pairs in the human DNA. This is a testament to human equality before the Almighty God. Overemphasizing differences hides prejudices that are disgracefully inappropriate in context. Overemphasizing similarities is the best tool to attaining accomplishments in the workplace. The belief that “all men are created equal” should be the best applicable emphasis.

The first thing to have in a modern workplace is a balanced culture, if not code of regulations to be equally observed by all regardless of race, color, creed, religion, national origin, political affiliation or sex. Rules that call for tolerance and harmony in the workplace must be applied to ensure tranquility and serendipity. A good leader is the one who discourages negative behaviors like incivility and other detrimental actions that are appalling in perspective.

Self-reliance Criterion
Having close affinity to employees of like racial group sets a bad precedent as it is a harbinger for discrimination and favoritisms. Here is a parable of two managers: One would always speak in his native tongue to some select employees he/she shared cultural background with while the other discouraged speaking in his mother tongue. The later is the kind of leader ripe for multicultural leadership. Organizations can discourage leaders not to rely solely on self-reliance criterion when making strategic decisions by acknowledging the cultural backgrounds of individuals and groups by first using the golden rule that states: “do unto others as they would have them do unto them.” It is important to empower the leader to learn contrasting cultures even though the implied cultures may be in disagreement with one’s values. Leaders must instill social justice, harmony, and moral development and also have contact with different cultural groups so as to create a healthy atmosphere through a succession of cultural exchanges.

The Monitor Role
The monitor role has long appeared less interesting to many people because of their futile beliefs that it entailed keeping a watchful over other people’s daily activities or mode of operations. But to a leader or manager with modern thoughts and processes, it carries much weight in “maintaining high performance in both individuals and groups" (Quinn, Faerman, Thompson, and McGrath, and St. Clair, 2006, p.113).

The Mentor Role
The mentor and facilitator roles are the two most important key managerial leadership roles as they are tasked with establishing effective relationships. The mentor role, also called the concerned human role, is reflected in the science of caring and empathy where the manager is supposed to be thoughtful, selfless, and responsive and open to discussions and not shunning ideas, be friendly, openhearted, and reasonable. A mentor is a good listener who attracts new ideas, is appreciative, rewarding, and influences employee actions by motivating. Failure to observe the mentoring role leads to derailment, pseudo-transformational leadership, dictatorship, arrogance, and intolerance. Understanding self-worth opens the door for understanding others. Delegating effectively and developing employees is part of mentoring. In the real sense of the word, the remark “mentor” has its meaning rooted in Greek, which may mean trusted counselor, coach or guide and therefore derives its true meaning from The Odyssey, a poem written by Homer and addressed to Odysseus asking him to tutor his son Telemachus. Understanding the keys to effective delegation involves conscientiousness, influence, and answerability. Thus, the mentor role is about understanding self and others, communicating effectively, and developing employees.

The Facilitator Role
The Facilitator role rests on three important pillars namely: building teams, using participative decision making, and managing conflict-all part of the organizational improvement process. Furthermore, group work means having a commitment to a common goal or purpose, having a concrete sense of mutual responsibility, sharing information and having common communication structure, and setting clear roles and responsibilities that are equally interdependent in outlook. Roles are sets of expectations relevant to the individual and others in a given situation. With role clarity implying the absence of two demanding conditions notably role ambiguity and role conflict-role ambiguity entails interacting with others while role clarity leads to inconsistency or contradiction of information. Sending conflicting information is cause for role conflict. The facilitator role requires knowledge of the levels, sources, and stages of conflict. Differences in values, attitudes, beliefs, needs, or perceptions have been shown to cause conflicts.

Handling Communication Overloads
Ironically, the flow of information has transformed tremendously over the years and taken major leaps and bounds since the discovery of microchips and other technological advancements such as nanotechnology. Our capability to store and retrieve information through optical scanning and “data compression” and our ability to do research without resorting to the olden ways of searching through library shelves, is a clear testimony as to how we have advanced “two steps forward” and “one step back” though we have heavy responsibilities of “taming the electronic tiger” as we advance towards new innovations and immeasurable outputs. Thus, it is imperative for today’s managers to grasp the importance of modern office keeping by observing the TRAF system-which connotes to mean Toss, Refer, Act, and File-a novel way of overseeing the predicted modern paperless office.

On the other hand, recurrent work interruptions and overloads caused by excessive messages such as telephone calls, voice mails, cell phones, Personal Digital Assistants or PDAs, faxes, the intranet and internet, and e-mails should not instill fear or cause alarm but rather create challenges and enhanced momentum if effective management is to be observed in the workplace. Today’s managers are emboldened by their fervent desire to exploit the universally accepted sets of procedures known by the acronym OABC which stands for Opening, Agenda, Body, and Closing-four valuable tools for deciphering written messages regardless of whether they are in the form of a memo, circular or other regular correspondences. Likewise, face-to-face meetings are as essential as other forms of communication and should not be taken off the table. Teleconferencing, a contemporary hi-tech inclusion invented as result of human necessity, has been found to be in conformity with the international superhighway. Monitoring demands analyzing core processes, monitoring the value chain and output like judgments and opinions given, resources allocated, decisions made, mistakes detected, products planned, commitments negotiated, and courses taught.

The Myers-Briggs Type Inventory
The Myers-Briggs Type Inventory which is based on Carl Jung’s works highlights the five-factor model or basic tendencies with each factor named for one of two ends of a continuum namely neuroticism, extraversion, open to new experiences, agreeableness and conscientiousness. Agreeableness and extraversion are interrelated in that with no explicit leadership, the one who emerges with extraversion, agreeableness, and emotionality emerges the informal leader.

Johari Window
Named after Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham, the Johari window is another exemplary framework that helps increase one’s self-awareness. The Johari window is divided into four compartments namely: open, blind, hidden, and unknown. Hidden inconsistencies and hypocrisies including hiding, rebuffing, and evading learning about themselves, has been found to be a common attribute of many people. Sadly though, popular television shows, movies, and books are acted in such a way that the end results, because of concealment of true feelings or lack of self-awareness, characters may end up skeptical or tolerant.

Effective Interpersonal Communication
With acute logjam to effective interpersonal communication evolving as a result of inarticulateness, hidden agendas, status meant to impress and not offend, hostility due to lack of trust, and differences in communication styles, Chris Argyris of the Harvard Business School implemented what became known as “the left-hand column issues” which implies “what is thought” and “the right-hand column” in reference to “what is said” so that “discussables” can be differentiated from “undiscussables”.
The golden saying, “nature has given men one tongue but two ears that we may hear from others twice as much as we speak”, as noted by the Stoic philosopher Epictetus, is a superior contemplation in the real sense which requires that we understand what is being said by others. The use of reflective listening helps us understand what others are saying and instills empathy in our inner souls.

Understanding Conflict Resolution
Understanding conflict resolution in the intrapersonal and interorganizational levels could be an added advantage. Avoiding approaches, accommodating approaches, competing approaches, compromising approaches, and collaborating approaches are some of the dimensions used in conflict management strategies. However, there are advantages and disadvantages of conflict management approaches. Also, as research has shown, allowing some degree of conflict could propel new ideas, innovation, and change. Conflicts can be stimulated and agreements managed by introducing guidelines for advocacy groups.

Team Building Strategies
There are informal approaches to team building and barriers to team building. Team building is an ongoing process and not an event. One approach to team building is for the team members to understand each other and have the willingness to observe each other consistently so as to generate substantial results. Social interaction among members like sharing a meal after work, holding annual holiday celebrations, and other important events opens a plethora of opportunities and other out of the ordinary accomplishments. Ironically, barriers to team building resurface due to not having the knowledge or experience of team building. One major factor that hinders team building is the lack of planning and coordination. Creating incentives to reward employees with exceptional performance emboldens employee resolve and attitude, increases social and economic standings, and lowers tardiness and the impervious “free will” attitude. Autocratic, consultative, and group decision making are some of the strategies used to define who should participate and when.

Effective Meeting Management
Meetings may be horrifying and end in disasters because of poor facilitation or they may be well managed, heartening, and all-inclusive. Understanding the rules of effective meeting management, coming up with the required tools, and setting the stage with certain objectives in mind is a prerequisite for modern management. Understanding the meeting objective, creating appropriate participation, selecting the time and place of the session, and preparing and distributing the agenda in advance is a requirement if pitfalls are to be avoided. However, running the meeting with sets of priorities in mind is a good way of giving the attendants a new lease of life. For a meeting to be professional it is essential to have someone take the minutes; the leader should review the agenda; make certain participants know each other; do not diverge from the agenda; ease interruptions; promote overall membership; and bring to a close the meeting by reviewing decisions reached.

Understanding Four Dimensions of Leadership
Influencing others depends on having a concrete understanding of the values, assumptions, beliefs, and expectations (VABEs) of the people involved. Having the feeling that it is a God-given responsibility to change how others feel and believe leads to underestimation of those under your command. Those endowed with authority should grasp the benefits of morality, ethics, legality, and cultural context. Individually determining what’s right and wrong is known as morality; ethics is a body of knowledge and established and conventional guiding principles of conduct created for groups of people or organizations; legality implies acting upon the established laws of humanity; while cultural context refers to observing the cultural values of others in the workplace. In public and professional conduct it is best to apply ethics and in private and for personal values wrap yourself around the garb of morality. When dealing with those under your authority, always keep in mind that what goes around comes around. It was Charles Grodin who once said, “It always surprises me that otherwise intelligent people don’t realize that if you treat people badly, it will eventually come back to you”. To give you an example of what goes around comes around, it is worth looking back what history has to tell us. “In the year 260 C.E., the Roman Emperor Valerian fell captive to Sasanid forces. He spent his last years at the Sassanid court in Ctesiphon, where his captors forced him to stoop and serve as a mounting stool when the Sasanid king wanted to ride his horse". (After his death, the Sasanids preserved Valerian’s skin as a memento of their victory over the Romans), (Jerry H. Bentley and Herbert F. Ziegler ). One’s leadership qualities should not be repugnant to justice and to the subjects providing essential services or else there could be serious ramifications resulting in the dissolution of the entire enterprise. For example, a medieval law stated that “if two persons fell under suspicion of crime, the uglier or more deformed was to be regarded as more probably guilty” (Wilson and Hernstein, 1985).
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Battles of the Past

Introduction First and foremost, I would like to inform our ardent reader that I started writing this book on the 23rd of August, 2024. The...