Beautiful Horn of Africa
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته This Blog is Dedicated to the Preservation of Peace, Dignity, and Human Rights and the Dissemination of Knowledge.
Sunday, August 25, 2024
Battles of the Past
Sunday, July 14, 2024
Arabic Calligraphy
Thursday, July 4, 2024
Abbasid Caliphates
Monday, July 1, 2024
Anthropology
Wednesday, June 26, 2024
Kenya’s Truth, Justice, and Reconciliation Commission: A Political Gimmick or a Plausible Undertaking?
Kyphosis, Lordosis, and Scoliosis
Tuesday, June 11, 2024
Fustat: Old Cairo
MY INTERVIEWS WITH VOA
Camel, Cow, and Goat Milk
The Qur'an, the book that was revealed to Prophet and Messenger of Allah, Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him), is a divinely revealed book that is free from doubt. The contents of milk differs depending on the animal and species. In general, cow milk contains 87.7% water, 4.9% carbohydrates (lactose), 3.4% fat, 3.3% protein, and 0.3% fat that is referred to as ash. In the United States, there are two major breeds and they are Holstein and Jersey that produce more milk than other breeds.
As for camels, milk compositions are protein 3.1%, fat 3.5%, lactose 4.4%, ash 0.79%, and total solids from 11-16%. What differentiates cow milk from that of camels is that, camel milk water content is 17% and equals human solid content that is also 17%.
Camel milk has significant "vitamin C and protective proteins such as lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, immunoglobulins and lysozyme. Camel milk lacks β-lactoglobulin and used as an option for the individuals intolerant to lactose of cow's milk."¹
For the student who does not have a reliable desktop or laptop computer and internet connection, research can still be done on Facebook, the world's leading social media, if one has a smartphone and reliable data. This is meant to deter plagiarism.
References
https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jfmdp/journal-of-family-medicine-and-disease-prevention-jfmdp-5-095.php?jid=jfmdp#:~:text=Camel%20milk%20is%20rich%20in,to%20lactose%20of%20cow's%20milk.
Kurdishology
Kurdishology is the study of the traditions and history of the Kurdish people who are reputedly the largest stateless community in the world. A community with a great history, they are spread over in Turkey, Syria, Iran and Iraq, with Turkey having the largest population. In Turkey, they have a political party and have a bigger influence in the nation's day to day affairs of running the country.
I raised Kurdishology since it plays significant roles in Islamic studies. A point to ponder is the origin of Prophet Ibrahim who is claimed by Kurdishologists to have been from the Kurdish people who are also Semitic, like Arabs and B'nai Israel. While many scholars attribute his origin to have been B'nai Israel, modern scholars are of the opinion that he was a Kurdish.
Sheikh Abdisalam, a learned Somali scholar was once asked by his friend the origin of Prophet Ibrahim and his response was Mesopotamia or Babylonia.
Sabians
Sabaeanism
The Qur'an mentions a religion that existed in the Middle East whose followers were known as Sabi'iin. The history of these people has not been deeply elaborated. In Arabic, they are no different from the Mandaeans known as المندائيون while the Sabeans are referred to as الصابئة. When the two names are combined in Arabic, they are also known as Mandaean Sabians (الصابئة المندائيون al-Ṣābiʾa al-Mandāʾiyyūn).
An ethnoreligious group, they believe John the Baptist to have been the last prophet, even though, John the Baptist who was the son of Zacharia or Zakaria was sent to foretell the coming of Jesus, while Jesus son of Mary or Maryam was sent to foretell the coming of the Messenger of Allaah, Muhammad, Peace Be Upon Him, who is the last prophet.
"(He was told): "Zechariah, We bring you the good news of the birth of a son whose name shall be Yahya (John), one whose namesake We never created before." (It was said unto him): O Zachariah! Lo! We bring thee tidings of a son whose name is John; we have given the same name to none before (him)."
Maryam or Mary, Zakariah or Zakaria, John the Baptist or Yahya, and Isa or Jesus all hailed from the family of Imran. With the current population of Muslims estimated at 1.9 billion, the Sabean population stands at 70,000.
They are mentioned in the Qur'an in three chapters as mentioned below.
1. "Whether they are the ones who believe (in the Arabian Prophet), or whether they are Jews, Christians or Sabians – all who believe in Allah and the Last Day, and do righteous deeds–their reward is surely secure with their Lord; they need have no fear, nor shall they grieve (Al-Baqarah, 62).
2. Know well, none has an exclusive claim to the Truth.) For all those who believe in Allah and in the Last Day and do good deeds-be they either believers, Jews, Sabaeans or Christians-neither fear shall fall upon them, nor shall they have any reason to grieve (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:67.)
3. "Indeed, the believers, Jews, Sabians, Christians, Magi, and the polytheists—Allah will judge between them ˹all˺ on Judgment Day. Surely Allah is a Witness over all things."
إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَى آدَمَ وَنُوحًا وَآلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ
Indeed, God chose Adam, Noah, the family of Abraham, and the family of Imran over the worlds. The above ayah is from Surah Al Imran verse 33.
We learn from other sources that the "Mandaeans believe that Jesus was one of John's disciples but he went off the rails and distorted John's legacy." They are reportedly among the first to start baptism. They do practice wudhu or ablution like Muslims.
They are briefly mentioned in the Qur'an even though they are neither Muslims, Christians or followers of Judaism. "The Quran briefly mentions the Sabians in three places, in Sūrat al-Baqara (2:62), in Sūrat al-Māʾida (5:69), and in Sūrat al-Ḥajj (22:17)."
Described Arabian polytheism in belief, since they are not monotheistic, they are described as: "a Syrian pagan of a Hauranitic group originally of star worshipers claiming toleration from the Muslim conquerors under the pretense of belonging to the Sabian group tolerated by the Koran and including scholars and astronomers noted under the caliphate."
Prophet Ibrahim
In some religious books, you will find the following message: "revised edition" which is a noun and whose meaning is "an edition (as of a book) incorporating major revisions by the author or an editor and often supplementary matter designed to bring it up to date, compare, reissue, or reprint." When a religious book is revised by humans, that means it is not an original revelation, because, it had undergone human alterations, adulterations, changes, and many unnecessary additions meant to suit the one or those who do the editing.
On the other hand, there is a "revelation" whose meaning is "a surprising and previously unknown fact that has been disclosed to others." The only existing book that has not undergone any form of revisions or changes, is the Arabic Qur'an.
[6/9, 9:54 PM] adan makina: وَإِذِ ٱبۡتَلَىٰٓ إِبۡرَٰهِـۧمَ رَبُّهُۥ بِكَلِمَٰتٖ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّۖ قَالَ إِنِّي جَاعِلُكَ لِلنَّاسِ إِمَامٗاۖ قَالَ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِيۖ قَالَ لَا يَنَالُ عَهۡدِي ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ
“And remember that Abraham was tried by his Lord with certain commands, which he fulfilled: He said: “I will make thee an Imam to the Nations.” He pleaded: “And also (Imams) from my offspring!” He answered: “But My Promise is not within the reach of evil-doers.”
Ibrahim was neither a follower of Judaism nor Christianity, but he was a Muslim, and, furthermore, he was the first to proclaim his dedication to Islam. In Surah Aali-Imran, verse 67, the Qur'an states:
مَا كَانَ إِبْرَٰهِيمُ يَهُودِيًّۭا وَلَا نَصْرَانِيًّۭا وَلَـٰكِن كَانَ حَنِيفًۭا مُّسْلِمًۭا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ ٦٧
Abraham was neither a Jew nor a Christian; he submitted in all uprightness and was not a polytheist.
[6/9, 10:04 PM] adan makina: Ibrahim was Babylonian, Mesopotamian and hailed from the Kurdish people who are the biggest global community without a state numbering 20m and scattered between Iran, Syria, Iraq, and Turkey. Majority can be found in Turkey where they have a political party and play a significant role in the day to day running of that great country.
Furthermore, Salah-u-diin Al-Ayubi who was known to the French as Le Magnefique or the Magnificent, defeated the Crusaders and was crowned "The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques."
Thursday, May 16, 2024
Military Theory
There’s military theory that defines and informs how war and warfare are conducted.[i] In modern military history, it is a requirement for military officers to have a glimpse of military science. To better understand how warfare is conducted, the theory mainly deals with normative and explanatory analyses, where normative concentrates on behavioral phenomena while explanatory deals with the casual aspects of war. Despite military theory being multi-disciplinary, it deals with three questions:
1.
What are the natural causes of war?
2.
What are the characteristics of war?
3.
How is military power or warfare applied to attain victory?[ii]
In summarizing
war tactics, the major factors that make it a reality constitute the following:
1.
Effective Statesmanship: The total application of dynamic
military and state leadership as it relates to war. It is of vital importance
for the leader of the state to be aware of the military leader’s war
applications before embarking on the defensive or invasion. On the other hand,
top military leaders must discuss and listen to the officers fighting on the ground,
in the air or in major and minor waters.
2.
Strategy: implies properly organizing and directing select
groups to the theater of war either for the sake of defense or invasion. Having
war hardened and able-bodied men and women who can strive to survive longer
periods in the battlefields is a requirement. Depending on the type and kind of
war being fought, the military usually applies either a platoon, company or a
division. A platoon could be headed by a sergeant or senior sergeant while a
company could be headed by a captain, a battalion could be headed by colonels,
a brigadier is head of a brigade, while the military officer in charge of a
division could be the rank of a major general who is assisted by two
brigadiers. Usually, as for divisions, even though it applies to developed
countries with large militaries, a division could either be airborne, armored, infantry and
mountain divisions. In a nutshell, a military strategy has been conclusively
divided into 5 categories: extermination,
exhaustion, annihilation, intimidation, and subversion.
3.
Grand tactics: is an exclusive modern military tactic or
strategy that is applied by opposing parties to emerge victorious. Some of the
military tactics applied to this day are almost 17 in number, even though they
could exceed according to differing military sources: 1. infiltration tactics,
2. Flanking maneuver, 3. Peaceful penetration, 4. Guerilla warfare, 5. Marching
fire 6. Rapid deployment, 7. Ambush, 8. Skirmisher, 9. Frontal assault, 10.
Penetration or infiltration, 11. Envelopment, 12. Basic drill, 13. Encirclement
14. Raid, 15. Hammer and Anvil, 16. Individual movement techniques, 17. Bull
horn formation.
4.
Logistics: it is the art of moving modern military and their
heavy machineries that could be a composition of transport planes and faster
than sound jet fighters, Aircraft Carriers (A/C) and other warships such as
auxiliaries, battleships, destroyers, and frigates for long distance travels.
Other heavy carriers such as heavy trucks deliver soldiers to specific
locations before getting instructions from their commanding officer. The heavy
trucks could be loaded with armaments such as machine guns, modern automatic rifles,
and shoulder- held grenades
5.
Engineering: that is the attacking of defensive
fortifications. This fighting criteria requires sophisticated application of
the necessary war implements that could be used to cause total devastation
since a fortification is like a military barrack or garrison that is heavily
guarded. Scorched earth bombing is a modern warfare that is also known as
saturation bombing or carpet bombing. Destroying forts or all types of military
structures such as bridges, roads, farms, reconnaissance and satellite radars,
lighthouses used by ships, ports or harbors plus the jetties and their anchored
ships, mooring buoys, and oil refineries together with every type of
communication installations that sustains the enemy, is part of the scorched
earth bombings. Ancient Romans also used the scorched earth tactic against
their enemies to cut- off water supplies and farming produces.
6.
Minor tactics: it is the art of fighting individuals or small
units and was coined in 1780 by a French military author whose name was Jacques-Antoine-Hippolyte
de Guibert.
[i]
Angstrom, Jan and, Widen, J.J. (2015). Contemporary Military
Theory: The Dynamics of War. New York: Routledge. pp. 4–9. ISBN 9780203080726.
[ii]
Lider, Julian (1980). "Introduction
to Military Theory". Cooperation and Conflict. XV:
151–168 – via JSTOR.
Islamic Religious Reversion and Christian Conversion
In Islam, when someone from another faith takes the Shahada, it is best to say he or she reverted to Islam because every child is born a Muslim and that it is the parents that make him a believer or disbeliever. However, in Christianity, someone who proclaims Christianity is perceived as a convert. “Revert” emphasizes returning to your original state of submission to Allah, while “convert” centers around embracing Islam from a different belief or background." Allah is Imperceivable: No eye in the whole universe, not even the combined eyesights of everyone, can encompass His Being. Believing some angels may have seen or may be seeing Allaah, including those holding His Throne that is the Arsh, is unacceptable, because, impercibility here applies to all of Allaah’s creation. Even imagining how He looks like is a major sin.
In Islam, every human being is born a Muslim and that it is
the parents who change the newly born’s religion. “Abu Huraira reported
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)
as saying:The mother of every person gives him birth according to his true
nature. It is subsequently his parents who make him a Jew or a Christian or a
Magian. Had his parents been Muslim he would have also remained a Muslim. Every
person to whom his mother gives birth (has two aspects of his life) ; when his
mother gives birth Satan strikes him but it was not the case with Mary and her
son (Jesus Christ).”[i]
At first Allaah created all souls at the same time,
meaning all souls including that of Adam and Eve or Hawwa were created at the
same time. Please note that the soul and the body are two different things.
Later, Allaah created Adam who is the father of humankind. Even the souls of
those who will continue to be born before the Last Day when the trumpet will be
blown were created one time. The Last Day pertains to the day when every type
or kind of creation will come to an end after the trumpet is blown. All
creation will perish, including the heavens and the earth, the stars and the
moon and everything else including the angels. When Allaah wants to create, He
simply says كُن فَيَكُونُ which means “be and it will
be” when translated into Arabic. Below, we’ll display a few verses where Allaah
used for certain explanations.
بَدِيعُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ
ۖ وَإِذَا قَضَىٰٓ أَمْرًۭا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ ١١٧
“He is the One Who has originated the heavens and
the earth, and when He wills to (originate) a thing, He only says to it: 'Be',
and it becomes (Chapter 2, verse 117).”
قَالَتْ رَبِّ أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ
لِى وَلَدٌۭ وَلَمْ يَمْسَسْنِى بَشَرٌۭ ۖ قَالَ كَذَٰلِكِ ٱللَّهُ يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَآءُ
ۚ إِذَا قَضَىٰٓ أَمْرًۭا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ ٤٧
“Mary submitted: 'O my Lord, how shall I have a son when no man has ever
touched me?' He said: 'Just as Allah creates what He pleases.' When He decides
(to do) some work, He just gives it the command 'Be', and it becomes (Chapter
3, verse 47).”
إِنَّ مَثَلَ عِيسَىٰ عِندَ
ٱللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ ءَادَمَ ۖ خَلَقَهُۥ مِن تُرَابٍۢ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ
٥٩
“Surely, the example of ‘Isa (Jesus) in the sight of Allah is the same as that of Adam
whom He formed from clay, then said (to him): 'Be'. And he became (Chapter 3,
verse 59).”
وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ
وَٱلْأَرْضَ بِٱلْحَقِّ ۖ وَيَوْمَ يَقُولُ كُن فَيَكُونُ ۚ قَوْلُهُ ٱلْحَقُّ ۚ وَلَهُ
ٱلْمُلْكُ يَوْمَ يُنفَخُ فِى ٱلصُّورِ ۚ عَـٰلِمُ ٱلْغَيْبِ وَٱلشَّهَـٰدَةِ ۚ وَهُوَ
ٱلْحَكِيمُ ٱلْخَبِيرُ ٧٣
“And He is the One (Allah) Who has created the
heavens and the earth (in accordance with His decreed celestial order based) on
truth. And the Day when He will say: 'Be', then that (Day of Judgment) will
come into being. His Word is the truth. And His will be the sovereignty on the
Day when the Trumpet will be blown. He (is the One Who) has the knowledge of
the unseen and the seen, and He is All-Wise, All-Aware (6: 73).”
إِنَّمَا قَوْلُنَا لِشَىْءٍ
إِذَآ أَرَدْنَـٰهُ أَن نَّقُولَ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ ٤٠
“Our command for a thing is but only this much
that when We intend (to bring) it (into existence), We say to it: 'Be', and it
becomes (Chapter 16, verse 40).”
مَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ أَن يَتَّخِذَ
مِن وَلَدٍۢ ۖ سُبْحَـٰنَهُۥٓ ۚ إِذَا قَضَىٰٓ أَمْرًۭا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُۥ كُن
فَيَكُونُ ٣٥
“It is not Allah's Glory that He should take (to Himself anyone as) a son. Holy and Glorified is He (above this)! When He decrees any matter, He only says to it: 'Be', and it becomes (19:35).” Prophet Musa or Moses requested Allaah to allow him to see Him in person or reveal Himself to him, but it did not materialize because of Allaah’s impercebtibility. Seeing Allah, may He be exalted, in this world is not possible for anyone, whether he is a believer or a disbeliever.
However, in Christianity, there are 50 facts that Jesus is god. Far from the truth, because, in Islam, Jesus was a prophet who was conceived by his mother Mary.
Muslim (169) narrated in his Sahih that
the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said on the day when he
warned the people about the Dajjal: “… You should know that no one among you
will ever see his Lord, may He be glorified and exalted, until he dies.”
وَلَمَّا جَآءَ مُوسَىٰ لِمِيقَـٰتِنَا
وَكَلَّمَهُۥ رَبُّهُۥ قَالَ رَبِّ أَرِنِىٓ أَنظُرْ إِلَيْكَ ۚ قَالَ لَن تَرَىٰنِى
وَلَـٰكِنِ ٱنظُرْ إِلَى ٱلْجَبَلِ فَإِنِ ٱسْتَقَرَّ مَكَانَهُۥ فَسَوْفَ تَرَىٰنِى
ۚ فَلَمَّا تَجَلَّىٰ رَبُّهُۥ لِلْجَبَلِ جَعَلَهُۥ دَكًّۭا وَخَرَّ مُوسَىٰ صَعِقًۭا
ۚ فَلَمَّآ أَفَاقَ قَالَ سُبْحَـٰنَكَ تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَأَنَا۠ أَوَّلُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
١٤٣
“When Moses came at the appointed time and his
Lord spoke to him, he asked, “My Lord! Reveal Yourself to me so I may see You.”
Allah answered, “You cannot see Me! But look at the mountain. If it remains
firm in its place, only then will you see Me.” When his Lord appeared to the
mountain, He levelled it to dust and Moses collapsed unconscious. When he
recovered, he cried, “Glory be to You! I turn to You in repentance and I am the
first of the believers (Al-A’raf, 17:143).”
Shaykh
al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
“It is
proven by the text of the Quran that it was said to Musa: {You will not see
Me}, and that seeing Allah is greater than the sending down of a Book from
heaven, as Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning): {The
People of the Scripture ask you to bring down to them a book from the heaven.
But they had asked of Moses [even] greater than that and said, “Show us Allah
outright.”} [an-Nisa 4:153] So the one who says that any of the people saw Him
is claiming that that person is greater than Musa ibn ‘Imran, and his claim is
more serious than the claim of one who claims that Allah sent down to him a book
from heaven.” (Majmu‘ al-Fatawa, 2/336)
Battles of the Past
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